Climate changes and the hemoprotozoan diseases in domestic animals: A retrospective study

Abstract

Due to climatic changes the density of the tick populations increasing day by day along with the disease incidences. These studies were carried out during the years 2019-24 in and around Jaipur city, Rajasthan State, India in organized farm sectors. These retrospective comprehensive studies net results discussed in this part revealed the prevalence of various tick population as major pathogen vectors in various domesticated animal populations which included Dermacenter, Hyalomma, Hemophysalis, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus species. Con-current infection of Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale & Ehrlichia bovis followed by Anaplasma marginale & Ehrlichia bovis in Holstein-Friesian cows, Babesia & Theileria in buffaloes, Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale & Ehrlichia ovis in sheep and goats were observed. The studies on canine population showed combinations of Anaplasma marginale & Babesia gibsoni in Pomeranian, E.canis & B.gibsoni in German sphered, Anaplasma phagocytophilum & Anaplasma platys & Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni in Labrador dogs, Babesia gibsoni & Eimeria exigua in felines and Babesia gibsoni, Anaplasma marginale & Trypanosome cruzei infections in equines. The outcome of the studies on the prevalence of tick population, the hemoprotozoan diseases caused by the ticks, and their hemato-biochemical parameter alterations occurred in the infected animal population were correlated with the climatic conditions. The attributed reasons for the development of density population of the pathogen vectors and the concomitant infections of the hemoprotozoans in domestic animal populations’ in the varying climatic conditions with their hemato-biochemical alterations discussed.