Review of resistance training and balance exercises in frailty management

Abstract

Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by reduced physiological reserves, decreased strength, and increased vulnerability to stressors, particularly in older adults. As frailty progresses, individuals face heightened risks of falls, hospitalization, and loss of independence. Resistance training and balance exercises have emerged as cornerstone interventions for the prevention and management of frailty, targeting the decline in muscle strength, coordination, and postural control. This review explores the evidence supporting the role of structured resistance and balance training in frailty management. It examines physiological mechanisms, exercise protocols, and clinical outcomes, drawing from randomized controlled trials, geriatric rehabilitation guidelines, and current best practices. The paper further addresses program implementation, safety considerations, and recommendations for tailoring interventions to frail populations.