Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s disease: A review of motor and functional rehabilitation techniques

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that severely impairs motor control, functional independence, and quality of life. While pharmacological therapy, particularly dopaminergic medications, addresses some symptoms, it does not adequately mitigate progressive motor and functional decline. Physiotherapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the multidisciplinary management of PD, targeting key issues such as gait disturbances, postural instability, bradykinesia, and falls. This narrative review explores the scope and efficacy of motor and functional rehabilitation techniques in PD, including gait training, resistance and aerobic exercise, cueing, dual-task training, and balance interventions. It also evaluates emerging innovations such as virtual reality, wearable technologies, and telerehabilitation platforms. Through a synthesis of recent clinical trials and guidelines, the review underscores the importance of tailored, progressive, and patient-centered physiotherapy in improving health outcomes and promoting independence for people living with Parkinson’s Disease.