A study to analyze the correlation between groundwater depletion and migration trends in Jhunjhunu district

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the most crucial sources of freshwater, particularly in regions that lack access to surface water or reliable municipal water systems. This study explores the impact of groundwater depletion on rural migration in Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan, using a descriptive and analytical research design. The research area has experienced significant groundwater depletion over the last decade, influencing socio-economic conditions. A total of 360 households from 12 villages across six blocks were surveyed between 2023 and 2024. Data were sourced from primary surveys and secondary sources, including the Groundwater Department and the Census of India. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were applied to examine the relationship between groundwater depletion and migration trends. The findings reveal a steady decline in groundwater levels and rainfall, which have contributed to a 171% increase in migration from 2010 to 2023. Key migration drivers include crop failure, lack of irrigation, and the search for urban employment. The study highlights the critical role of environmental stress in driving migration and calls for sustainable water management solutions.