Policy gaps in GI protection: Strengthening farmer benefits

Abstract

Geographical Indications (GI) serve as a key intellectual property tool to protect region-specific agricultural products, ensuring authenticity and promoting rural development. However, despite the increasing number of GI registrations in India, farmers face challenges such as weak enforcement, high certification costs, counterfeit products, and limited market access. This study examines critical policy gaps that hinder the economic benefits of GI certification. Statistical analysis reveals that Indian GI products command lower price premiums (10–15%) compared to European counterparts (40–60%) due to weak branding and consumer awareness. Counterfeit products also lead to significant revenue losses for farmers. To maximize GI benefits, policy recommendations include stricter legal enforcement, financial incentives, improved branding strategies, and enhanced farmer participation through cooperatives and direct market access. Strengthening GI protection can boost farmer incomes, expand exports, and contribute to rural economic growth while preserving traditional agricultural heritage.