Breast cancer and PCOD: Insights into their correlation

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOD) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, and ovarian cysts. These symptoms, especially in adolescents, can impact mental health and self-esteem. PCOD is associated with hormonal imbalances, including elevated androgen and luteinizing hormone levels, which disrupt ovulation and fertility. The potential association between PCOD and breast cancer has been a subject of growing interest due to overlapping risk factors, such as hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and prolonged estrogen exposure. However, evidence regarding this relationship remains inconclusive and conflicting. This review highlights conflicting findings regarding PCOD and breast cancer, emphasizing limitations in study designs, small sample sizes, and methodological inconsistencies. Interventions like weight management, physical activity, and insulin-sensitizing medications may mitigate future risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Further research is essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking PCOD to hormone-dependent cancers and to refine therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing long-term health risks for individuals with PCOD.