A comprehensive review on bio-fortification in horticultural crops to evaluate mal-nutrition

Abstract

Bio-fortification in horticultural crops represents a powerful and innovative strategy to tackle malnutrition, particularly the widespread issue of micronutrient deficiencies that impacts millions around the globe. This technique leverages genetic enhancement to elevate the levels of essential nutrients—such as vitamins, minerals, and trace elements—within these crops. By enriching the nutritional content of commonly consumed fruits and vegetables, bio-fortification stands out as a sustainable and cost-effective solution to the pressing challenges of undernutrition, especially in regions where access to diverse diets and dietary supplements is severely limited. This study delves into the transformative potential of bio-fortifying key horticultural crops like carrots, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens, demonstrating their capacity to deliver enhanced levels of critical micronutrients, including Vitamin A, iron, zinc, and folate. Moreover, we evaluate the significant public health benefits of bio-fortified crops, particularly in combating malnutrition-related conditions such as anemia and stunted growth. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by bio-fortification, including advanced breeding techniques, effective soil management, and strategies for improving consumer acceptance. By highlighting bio-fortification as an essential component of sustainable agriculture and nutrition security, this research underscores its vital role in enhancing global health outcomes and fostering resilient food systems for the future.