Analytical study for endoscopic specimen with clinico-pathological correlation in patients have gastrointestinal symptoms and Helicobacter pylori infection

Abstract

Background: Gastro-intestinal disorders are considered leading cause of morbidity worldwide. It may be related to H. pylori infection, which induce several endoscopic and histological changes. Aim: The study examines the relationship between histopathological, endoscopic, and clinical outcomes in Iraqi patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, focusing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from 270 patients (170 with general gastrointestinal symptoms and 100 confirmed to be infected with H. pylori) at a private gastroenterology clinic and a private laboratory in Wasit province, among January 2024 and December 2024. Data included analysis of symptoms, the severity of endoscopic and histopathological findings and age groups distribution. Results: Indicate a statistically significant relationship among the severity of endoscopic and histological findings, with older patients being more likely to exhibit acute gastritis. The greatest common symptoms were dyspepsia (60%), abdominal pain (50%), and vomiting (30%). The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r = 0.85, p<0.001) confirmed a strong positive association between the endoscopic findings and histopathological finding severities. The variances in 20%of cases highlight the necessity of integrating endoscopic, histological evaluations to ensure diagnostic accuracy. In H. pylori-positive patients, the acute severe gastritis was associated with gastric ulcers, nodular gastritis, and advanced histological changes such as intestinal metaplasia. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders as especially in areas with high rates of gastritis, gastric ulcers, and H. pylori infection.