Pharmacological properties of Aloe Vera: A review

Abstract

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a succulent plant with a long history of use in traditional and modern medicine due to its remarkable pharmacological potential. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the therapeutic properties of Aloe vera, emphasizing its relevance in pharmaceutical sciences. The plant exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, wound healing, antidiabetic, and gastroprotective effects. These therapeutic properties are attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, particularly bioactive constituents such as acemannan, aloin, aloe-emodin, and various polysaccharides. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, along with selected clinical trials, have validated these effects, supporting its integration into a range of pharmaceutical dosage forms such as gels, creams, ointments, and oral formulations. Moreover, the use of Aloe vera in dermatology, wound management, and metabolic disorders illustrates its versatility and therapeutic promise. However, challenges remain in terms of standardization, quality control, and comprehensive clinical validation. This review aims to present an evidence-based overview of Aloe vera’s pharmacological activities, discuss the underlying mechanisms of action, and identify research gaps that must be addressed for its optimized use in modern pharmaceutical applications.