GIS-based analysis of land suitability for groundnut production in mid-central table land district of Odisha

Abstract

Land suitability is a key factor in enhancing food production, especially for crops like groundnut. This study evaluates the suitability of land for groundnut cultivation using Geospatial and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The assessment is focused on five key indicators: topography (elevation), slope, annual rainfall, flood risk, and soil type specifically within the Dhenkanal district of Odisha. Each indicator was represented through GIS-based raster maps and analyzed using a quantitative scoring system to classify land into four categories: highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The analysis revealed that the region comprised three land suitability classes: highly suitable (74.3%), moderately suitable (18.4%), and marginally suitable (7.3%). Overall, land elevation, slope, and rainfall patterns were favourable for groundnut cultivation. However, acidic soil conditions posed limitations to crop success. Additionally, low-lying areas with gentle slopes were more prone to flooding, which could negatively impact groundnut yields. This research offers valuable guidance for policy makers and agricultural planners seeking to enhance land use efficiency and groundnut production in tropical climates.