A comprehensive overview of Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis and its uses: A review

Abstract

The traditional health and folk medicine systems have shown higher efficiency for solving health issues worldwide. Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn., belonging to the Malvaceae family and also known as the China rose, is going to be the most vital contributor in the upcoming domain of herbal health supplements and medicinal products in the future soon. This botanical species has many critical therapeutic applications for the management of wounds, inflammation, hypertension, febrile conditions, coughs, diabetes, bacterial and fungal infections, alopecia, and gastric ulcers in many tropical countries. The main bioactive compounds established in Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. are flavonoids. Flavonoids include quercetin-3-diglucoside, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, quercetin-3-sophorotrioside, kaempferol-3-xylosylglucoside, cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, and other constituents such as cyclopeptide alkaloids, cyanidin chloride, hentriacontane, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, thiamine, taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, cyclic acids like sterculic and malvalic acids. All the constituents of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. and its chemical constituents have shown a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, antifertility, antiovulatory, anti-implantation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiestrogenic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, central nervous system depressant, hypotensive, and juvenoid activities. Very few studies on the toxicity profile of this plant have been conducted, and most of the extracts from its different parts are reported to be devoid of any toxicological effects, even at high dosages. This review compiles the phytochemical, pharmacological, and medicinal attributes of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn.