Possible therapeutic approaches of health hazards of astronauts in microgravity: A review

Abstract

This review examines the potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the health hazards faced by astronauts during extended exposure to microgravity. Prolonged spaceflight leads to a range of physiological challenges, including musculoskeletal atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, neurovestibular disturbances, immune dysregulation, and visual impairment. The review explores various strategies to counteract these effects, including pharmacological interventions, nutritional support, physical exercise regimens, and emerging biotechnologies such as artificial gravity and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Additionally, psychological stress and sleep disorders, which are exacerbated by the isolating and confined environment of space, are also addressed through behavioral health support and sleep management techniques. By evaluating the efficacy of these therapeutic measures, the review highlights the importance of integrated, multi-faceted approaches to enhance astronaut health, performance, and safety during long-duration missions, ultimately ensuring mission success and safe return to Earth.