Impact of grafting on yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Abstract

In today’s world, where climate change and food security are growing concerns, developing crops that can thrive under pressure is more than just a farming technique—it’s a necessity. This study looks at grafting in parthenocarpic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) as a way to improve both yield and quality. The research was carried out in a polyhouse environment, using a method called one-cotyledon grafting. Ten treatment combinations were tested, with nine different cucurbit rootstocks—including pumpkin, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, and monoecious cucumber—grafted onto a common cucumber variety, BRPCU-1. A randomized block design with three replications ensured reliable results. Researchers measured 22 traits related to plant growth, yield, and fruit quality, such as survival rate, vine length, fruit weight, total yield, and internal traits like total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and chlorophyll content. The results revealed noticeable differences among the rootstocks. The monoecious cucumber 'Swarna Sheetal' produced the best yield, with bigger and longer fruits. The bottle gourd 'Rajendra Chamatkar' improved fruit sweetness (TSS), while the pumpkin variety 'Chakor' boosted vitamin C content. However, some traits like root dry weight and vine length didn’t show much change, the study underscores the importance of rootstock selection tailored to specific cultivation goals. Ultimately, this research affirms grafting as a hopeful, strategic act—a fusion of biology and intention, cultivating resilience from the ground up.