Green synthesis of nanoparticles using Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): A review

Abstract

Recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology have produced novel nanomaterials that could be hazardous to human health and the environment. Additionally, a number of researchers are trying to improve environmentally acceptable methods for producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Reducing the negative impacts of use of chemicals in the synthetic processes and the finally produced complexes is the main goal. To fulfill this objective, green nanotechnology is the one of the method to create nanoparticles using a variety of biomaterials. Furthermore, a great strategy to accomplish this goal is to use the biological aspects of nature in a range of activities. In recent decades, algae, plants, bacteria, and fungi have been used to create metallic nanoparticles that are non-toxic, inexpensive, and energy-efficient. Around the world, Foeniculum vulgare is a popular spice and medicinal herb. They are considered naturally occurring antioxidants that can be used in food and medical materials due to their ability to protect from cancer. It is appropriate for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) due to its chemical makeup and enzymatic machinery. This method of NP synthesis is economical and ecologically benign. This review's objective is to highlight the green synthesis of NPs by utilizing this advantageous plant to reveal its potential medical uses and future research avenues.