From tradition to modern science: A comprehensive review of Nardostachys jatamansi's therapeutic benefits and pharmacological activities

Abstract

Objectives: This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on Nardostachys jatamansi (Indian spikenard), exploring its historical significance, botanical characteristics, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians. Data Sources: Information was gathered from Ayurvedic texts, modern scientific literature, and electronic databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, and PubMed. The search included articles published up to 2025, using keywords such as "Nardostachys jatamansi," "botany of Nardostachys jatamansi," and "pharmacological activity of Nardostachys jatamansi." Review Methods: A systematic review of selected literature was conducted, focusing on botanical classification, taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Data were analyzed to identify traditional uses, chemical constituents, and experimentally validated pharmacological effects. Results: Nardostachys jatamansi contains diverse chemical constituents including terpenes, fatty acids, and other compounds such as jatamansone and nardostachone. Traditional uses in Ayurveda include treatments for neurological, cardiovascular, and dermatological conditions. Modern pharmacological studies support its antifungal, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, antidepressant, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiparkinson, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anticancer activities. Conclusion: Nardostachys jatamansi is a herb with significant therapeutic potential, supported by both traditional use and modern scientific evidence. Its diverse pharmacological activities warrant further investigation to explore clinical applications and develop novel therapeutic agents.