Evolution of integrated nutrient management

Abstract

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a holistic approach to soil fertility management that combines the use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures, biofertilizers, and crop residues to optimize nutrient availability and improve crop productivity. This review paper traces the evolution of INM from its early beginnings to its current status as a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. The paper discusses the historical development of INM, the scientific principles underpinning it, and its role in addressing the challenges of modern agriculture, including soil degradation, nutrient imbalances, and environmental pollution. The review also highlights the benefits of INM, such as improved soil health, enhanced nutrient use efficiency, and reduced environmental impact. Finally, the paper explores future directions for INM research and implementation, emphasizing the need for site-specific nutrient management strategies and the integration of emerging technologies.