Farm mechanization in developing countries: A review of challenges and opportunities

Abstract

Farm mechanization plays a pivotal role in enhancing agricultural productivity, improving labor efficiency, and ensuring food security. However, the adoption and diffusion of mechanized technologies in developing countries face multiple challenges including high costs, limited infrastructure, and small landholdings. This review explores the current state of farm mechanization in developing nations, the major barriers to adoption, and the emerging opportunities enabled by innovations, policy shifts, and international collaborations. The paper also discusses the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mechanization and provides recommendations for scalable and inclusive mechanization strategies.