Advances in integrated plant protection: Current trends and future perspectives

Abstract

Integrated Plant Protection (IPP) represents a holistic and sustainable framework that merges biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods to manage plant health threats while minimizing ecological disruption. In response to increasing concerns over pesticide resistance, environmental degradation, and consumer demand for safer food, IPP has seen significant innovation. This review elaborates on recent advances in biological control, selective chemical interventions, precision technologies, agroecological approaches, and regulatory frameworks. It also projects future directions, including gene editing, synthetic biology, and participatory governance. A multidisciplinary outlook is crucial to navigate the complexities of plant protection in a changing climate.