Advancements in understanding the mechanisms and applications of anti-transpirants in crop production and stress management: A review

Abstract

Efficient water use is critical in agriculture for ensuring crop productivity and sustainability, particularly under increasing water scarcity and environmental stress. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, and chemical toxicity significantly impact crop growth and yield, with drought posing the most severe challenge. Anti-Transpirants (ATs) offer a promising solution by reducing transpiration and conserving water, helping plants maintain hydration under stress. These compounds fall into three categories: film-forming substances, stomatal regulators, and reflective chemicals. Film-forming ATs create a thin, transparent layer on leaves, reducing water loss without hindering gas exchange, while stomatal regulators induce stomatal closure to limit transpiration. Reflective chemicals, like kaolin, enhance leaf albedo, lowering temperatures and reducing transpiration. Recent advancements have demonstrated the effectiveness of ATs, such as chitosan, Abscisic Acid (ABA), and phenyl mercuric acetate, in enhancing plant drought resistance, improving physiological responses, and boosting yield. By maintaining water use efficiency, ATs enable plants to mitigate stress impacts, ensuring sustainable crop production. Research highlights their potential in diverse crops and environmental conditions, making them integral to stress management strategies. However, optimizing formulations, application protocols, and understanding long-term effects is essential for maximizing their efficacy. The strategic use of ATs represents a significant step towards improving crop resilience, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate challenges.