A comprehensive review of factors influencing dye degradation and mitigation strategies

Abstract

In coloration-intensive sectors like textiles, printing, and cosmetics, dye degradation is a serious problem. For products to last longer, have less of an impact on the environment, and satisfy sustainability objectives, it is essential to understand the many elements that contribute to dye degradation and adopt effective mitigation techniques. This review article provides a thorough overview of both internal and extrinsic variables influencing the deterioration of dye molecules by synthesising recent research on the various facets of dye degradation. In-depth analysis is done on different kinds of photo catalysts like metal oxides and carbon-based materials, effect of pH and scavengers and dye types. Critical evaluation of each factor's impact on dye stability, colour retention, and overall performance sheds light on the mechanisms causing dye degradation.