Application of drones in pesticide spraying: A review

Abstract

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, for pesticide spraying in agriculture has garnered significant interest in recent years due to their potential to enhance productivity, reduce costs, and mitigate environmental impact. In this review paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on the application of drones in pesticide spraying, focusing on their advantages, limitations, and future prospects. The paper commences by discussing the salient benefits of using drones for pesticide spraying, including their ability to cover large areas of land quickly and efficiently, reduce labour costs, and minimize environmental damage. We then examine some of the significant challenges and limitations associated with this technology, such as the need for accurate sensor data, optimizing spraying techniques and formulations, and navigating regulatory hurdles. Subsequently, the review paper presents an in-depth analysis of recent studies on drone-based pesticide spraying, encompassing both laboratory and field experiments. We scrutinize the various types of drones, sensors, and spraying techniques employed, as well as their efficacy in diverse crop types and environmental conditions. Moreover, we discuss the potential for integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to optimize spraying efficiency and enhance environmental sustainability. Our findings highlight the potential of drones as a viable and sustainable solution for pesticide spraying in agriculture while identifying avenues for future research and development. Overall, this review paper presents a critical appraisal of the current state of research on the application of drones in pesticide spraying, illuminating its significance and its implications for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.