Uterine arteriovenous malformation and imaging: About 2 cases report

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (UAVMs) are rare vascular anomalies causing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), often acquired following uterine trauma. Accurate diagnosis relies heavily on imaging, as UAVMs can mimic conditions like retained products of conception (RPOC) or gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Methods: This case series presents two patients diagnosed with UAVMs at Menzel Temim Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Diagnoses were confirmed using Doppler ultrasonography and CTA, with treatments including hysteroscopic evacuation and conservative management with GnRH analogs. Results: Doppler ultrasound identified hypervascular lesions with turbulent flow, and CTA confirmed UAVM extent and vascular supply. Bleeding resolved post-treatment in both cases, with one patient requiring hysteroscopy and the other managed conservatively. Discussion: Doppler ultrasound and CTA are pivotal for early UAVM detection, distinguishing them from mimics and guiding treatment. Imaging prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary procedures that could worsen bleeding. Conclusion: Advanced imaging is essential for diagnosing UAVMs and ensuring effective management. Further standardization of imaging protocols is needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy.