Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Brucellosis is the fatal disease of large and small ruminants worldwide. Due to this disease heavy economic losses occur every year in the world. Therefore, the control and prevention of this disease is very necessary. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Brucellosis in various areas of Dera Ismail Khan along with its effect on risk factors in small ruminants. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from goats and sheep in the above-mentioned district. The blood sampling was performed from suspected brucella positive goats and sheep from 7 various areas of Dera Ismail khan and also from healthy animals. The brucellosis was confirmed through “Rose Bengal Test”. The areas including in this study was as follow: Diyal, Parova, Civil Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dahotar, Muryalli, Diwala and Facualty of veterinary and animal sciences (FVAS) dairy farm of Gomal University. The results showed that there was significant difference in the prevalence of Brucellosis between different areas of Dera Ismail Khan. The highest seroprevalence rate was observed in Diyal village, with 23.06% of animals testing positive for Brucellosis using RBPT. Parova had the second-highest seroprevalence rate at 16.66%. Dairy Farm, CVH, Dahotar, Muryali, and Diwala Basti had no positive RBPT cases. Overall, the seroprevalence rate across all areas was 8%. There were significantly higher Brucella positive cases reported in goat as compared to sheep in district Dera Ismail Khan. The brucella was highly positive in non-lactating goats as compared to lactating animals, however no positive samples were observed in sheep either in lactating and non-lactating animals. Finally in conclusion, brucellosis is highly present in goats as compared to sheep and risk factor also affect the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in district Dera Ismail Khan.