Adiponectin/HOMA-IR ratio as a predictive biomarker of metabolic syndrome in men and women of Basrah: A step toward gender-specific risk assessment

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and increasingly common health issue in Basrah, characterized by a combination of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which together heighten the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Identifying reliable and early biomarkers is crucial for effective prevention and management. Adiponectin, known for its insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties, along with HOMA-IR, a recognized marker of insulin resistance, have both shown strong associations with MetS. This study aims to evaluate the adiponectin/HOMA-IR ratio as a predictive biomarker for metabolic syndrome and to explore its potential role in gender-specific risk assessment among men and women in Basrah. The study (Nov 2023-June 2024) included 200 participants (120 with metabolic syndrome, 80 controls) from Faiha Center, Basrah. Ages ranged 18-75 years. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for insulin, glucose, lipids, adiponectin, and HbA1c. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were recorded. Diagnosis followed updated guidelines, considering clinical history and genetic factors. The study found no significant differences in age or gender distribution between groups (p>0.05). However, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome group (p