A review article on paracetamol and ibuprofen use in pediatric populations

Abstract

The management of pediatric pain and fever commonly involves the use of antipyretic and analgesic medications. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen are two of the most commonly prescribed drugs for these purposes in children. Both medications have distinct mechanisms of action and safety profiles, making their appropriate use in the pediatric population essential to optimizing treatment outcomes. Paracetamol works primarily through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in the central nervous system, providing effective analgesia and antipyresis with minimal anti-inflammatory effects. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID), inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, providing stronger anti- inflammatory effects along with antipyretic and analgesic properties. This review explores the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, clinical indications, dosing regimens, adverse effects, and safety considerations for the use of paracetamol and ibuprofen in pediatric patients. Evidence from clinical studies regarding the comparative efficacy, safety, and outcomes of both drugs is examined, providing clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of when and how to use these medications. The article concludes by addressing concerns related to overdosing, contraindications, and the role of both drugs in managing common pediatric conditions such as fever, pain, and inflammation.