Numerical analysis of dynamic and pseudo-static responses in reinforced concrete retaining walls: advanced insights and emerging trends

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamic and pseudo-static responses of reinforced concrete retaining walls using advanced numerical analysis conducted in FLAC software. The research evaluates soil-wall and soil-reinforcement interactions under varying dynamic loading and backfill conditions, focusing on the influence of reinforcement length, material properties, and seismic peak acceleration. Findings indicate that reinforcement significantly reduces earth pressures and lateral displacements, with longer reinforcement layers enhancing stability under dynamic conditions. The analysis reveals limitations in traditional pseudo-static methods, such as the Mononobe-Okabe approach, which fail to capture time-dependent effects and soil-structure interactions, emphasizing the superiority of dynamic analysis for seismic design. Recent developments, including the integration of machine learning for predictive modeling and advanced geosynthetic materials, further enhance design optimization, as explored in this updated study. This work underscores the need for integrated approaches to optimize retaining wall performance in high seismic risk areas.