Developmental biology and morphometric of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) in laboratory conditions

Abstract

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) is a significant pest affecting global maize production and other economically important crops, with yield losses reaching up to 70% during severe infestations in regions including India. This study investigates the life cycle and morphometric characteristics of S. frugiperda under controlled laboratory conditions to inform integrated pest management strategies for crop protection. Larvae were reared on maize leaves in an ambient laboratory environment, and developmental parameters including egg incubation, larval instars, pupal stage, and adult longevity were meticulously documented to enhance understanding of pest population dynamics. Results indicated average egg duration of 2.48 days, with larval stages comprising six instars ranging from 2.62 days for the first instar to 3.40 days for the sixth instar, characterized by aggressive feeding behaviour on maize foliage. The total larval period averaged 14.03 days, while the pupal stage lasted 7.90 days. Adult longevity was recorded at 11.67 days, culminating in total life cycle duration of 36.34 days. Notable sexual dimorphism was observed in adult morphology.