A comprehensive review of the hybrid seed production in India: Adoption by farmers to the seed industrial growth

Abstract

Hybrid seed production has revolutionized Indian agriculture, playing a pivotal role in significantly boosting crop yields and enhancing food security. As a cornerstone of agricultural advancement, hybrid seeds have contributed immensely to crop yield improvements, offering superior qualities such as higher productivity, enhanced resilience to insects, diseases, as well as increased endurance to climatic conditions. This review explores the adoption of hybrid seeds by Indian farmers and the growth of the hybrid seed industry. It discusses the historical context, social and economic effects, and obstacles faced in India. By analyzing various facets of this transformation, this paper seeks to offer a thorough understanding about how hybrid seeds have reshaped Indian agriculture and the key factors driving this change. The article begins by providing a historical perspective on hybrid seed production in India, tracing its evolution from the pre-Green Revolution era to the present day. It focuses on important events such as the introduction of high-yielding varieties in the Green Revolution and their expansion to various crops. The discussion emphasizes the contributions of public sector research institutions and private seed companies in driving this transformation.