Irrigation solutions used in endodontic treatment. A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: The article has the medical importance in presenting ozone therapy, its application and benefits as a new irrigant in endodontic treatment. Objective: To analyze the literature on ozone, sodium hypochlorite, ethyleneaminotetraacetic acid and chlorhexidine. Methodology: A literature review was carried out by searching the Pubmed, Scopus an Google Scholar databases using the keywords: “ozone”, “therapy”, “dentistry”, “endodontics”, “sodium hypochlorite” “EDTA” “chlorhexidine”. Results: Ozone has a powerful antioxidant capacity and outstanding antimicrobial properties and its toxicity, when properly administered, can be beneficial. Sodium hypochlorite helps to dissolve organic tissue giving cleanliness and disinfection of the root canal, high concentrations of NaOCl can irritate periapical tissues. Chlorhexidine is one of the main irrigants used in endodontic treatment, it is less cytotoxic to periapical tissues than NaOCl. EDTA benefits endodontic treatment by improving the seal of the obturation material. It is recommended in lower concentrations for clinical use to avoid cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Ozone as a disinfectant and antioxidant agent, will have efficacy when handled with caution due to its intrinsic toxicity. Sodium hypochlorite stands out for its potent antibacterial activity, although its use in high concentrations can cause irritation. EDTA improves the seal of the filling material and demineralizes dentin, although it should be used in adequate concentrations to avoid excessive erosion. Chlorhexidine shows less cytotoxicity and greater regeneration compared to sodium hypochlorite.