Impact of abiotic stresses on fruit crop physiology and yield

Abstract

Abiotic stressors that affect fruit crop physiology and yield include drought, salt, high temperatures, and nutritional imbalances. Reduced growth, fruit set, and overall productivity result from these environmental issues that interfere with vital physiological functions such photosynthesis, water intake, nutrient assimilation, and hormonal balancing. While salinity stress results in ion toxicity and osmotic imbalance, which further degrade plant metabolism, drought stress restricts water availability, leading to stomatal closure, decreased transpiration, and impaired carbon absorption. Extremes in temperature have an impact on fruit growth, pollination, and blooming, which eventually reduces the quality and marketability of the fruit. Plants use a variety of defensive mechanisms, such as secondary metabolite synthesis, antioxidant generation, and osmotic adjustment, to lessen these impacts. To increase fruit crop resilience, researchers are looking into genetic advancements, biostimulants, and agronomic practice advancements. The physiological impacts of abiotic stressors on fruit crops, their influence on yield and quality, and possible methods for enhancing stress resilience are highlighted in this study. Understanding these relationships is vital for designing sustainable fruit production systems that maintain food security in the face of climate change and environmental problems.