Effect of vermicompost on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Abstract

Vermicomposting is recognized as an efficient organic amendment that improves soil fertility, enhances microbial activity, and boosts plant productivity. The present study investigates the impact of vermicompost derived from cow manure (CM) and a blend of cow manure with flower waste (CM-FW) on the growth and yield performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during the kharif season of 2024. The field experiment was conducted at Sanganer, Jaipur, using a randomized block design with three replications. A detailed physico-chemical analysis of soil and vermicompost was performed to assess improvements in soil properties. The results demonstrated a notable decline in bulk density, an increase in organic carbon content and improved water retention capacity in soil treated with vermicompost. Additionally, the pH of the soil decreased slightly contributing to better nutrient availability. A reduction in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was observed, signifying improved organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Okra plants grown in vermicompost-treated soil exhibited enhanced growth parameters, with germination rates rising to 92.6% in Vermicompost compared to 76.2% in the control. Likewise, stem height, number of leaves (29.4), and leaf area (52 cm²) were significantly greater in vermicompost treatments. Yield-related traits were also positively influenced, with pod count per plant increasing to 15.8 (V2) compared to 8.4 in the control, alongside improvements in pod length (9.8 cm) and pod weight (8.6 g). Moreover, vermicompost application resulted in earlier harvesting (40.2 days in V2 vs. 43.4 days in control) and an extended harvesting period, indicating sustained productivity.These findings suggest that the application of vermicompost, particularly the combination of cow manure and flower waste (V2), plays a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and improving okra growth and yield. This study underscores the potential of vermicompost as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers, contributing to improved agricultural productivity and soil health.