Mulberry-based agroforestry: A nexus of nutrition, livestock integration, and environmental sustainability

Abstract

Mulberry agroforestry systems represent a sustainable and versatile approach to land use, integrating food, fodder, and fibre production while addressing pressing challenges like food insecurity, environmental degradation, and rural poverty. This review explores the multifaceted role of mulberry (Morus spp.) in agroforestry, highlighting its adaptability, nutritional benefits, and economic potential. Mulberry’s ability to thrive in diverse agro-climatic conditions, combined with its high biomass yield, makes it a vital component in integrated farming systems. Its contributions to soil health, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity enhancement establish its ecological significance. The cultivation of mulberry supports rural livelihoods through sericulture, which provides employment and income generation, particularly for smallholder farmers. Its nutrient-rich fruits and high-protein foliage offer direct and indirect solutions for food and nutritional security. Additionally, mulberry’s role as a forage crop in silvipasture systems demonstrates its potential in sustainable livestock integration. Case studies illustrate its global applicability, with successful implementations in Asia, North America, and beyond. Despite its benefits, challenges such as limited awareness, land competition, and inadequate policy support hinder its widespread adoption. Addressing these issues requires targeted research, extension services, and policy interventions to promote sustainable practices. This review underscores the need for continued efforts to optimise mulberry-based agroforestry systems, ensuring their role in fostering climate resilience, enhancing rural economies, and achieving sustainable development goals.