Harnessing mulberry biomass: A sustainable pathway for renewable energy production

Abstract

The pressing need for sustainable energy solutions has directed attention toward biomass as a renewable resource. Among the various biomass sources, mulberry (Morus spp.) stands out due to its rapid growth, high lignocellulosic content, and adaptability to diverse climates and marginal lands. This review explores the potential of mulberry biomass for bioenergy production, focusing on thermochemical processes like gasification and pyrolysis, as well as biochemical methods such as anaerobic digestion and bioethanol production. The study highlights the high energy yields, environmental benefits, and economic feasibility associated with utilising mulberry biomass. Additionally, it underscores the role of advanced pre-treatment technologies and optimised conversion processes in improving efficiency. While challenges such as scalability and economic constraints remain, mulberry biomass offers a sustainable pathway for renewable energy, contributing to energy security, environmental conservation, and rural development.