Evaluation of the socio-economic impact of agroforestry practices in Ayodhya district, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

This study evaluates the socio-economic impact of agroforestry practices in Ayodhya District, Uttar Pradesh. The research highlights the dominant tree species cultivated under various agroforestry systems, including Tectona grandis (teak), Eucalyptus tereticornis, Dalbergia sissoo (shisham), Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany), Melia azedarach (Persian lilac), Mangifera indica (mango), Phyllanthus emblica (amla), and Psidium guajava (guava). Agroforestry adoption was primarily driven by the need for additional income, as reported by 50.6% of the farmers. Other significant reasons included its role as a source of emergency funds (23.33%) and as a source of fuelwood (11.67%), particularly in systems with commercial potential. The economic analysis revealed varying profitability across different agroforestry systems. The highest profitability was observed in Swietenia macrophylla-based bund plantations with a B:C ratio of 15, followed by Phyllanthus emblica-based systems (B:C ratio of 10) and agrisilvihorticulture systems (B:C ratio of 8). Eucalyptus-based bund and agrisilviculture systems also performed well with a B:C ratio of 7, while Tectona grandis bund plantations showed a relatively lower B:C ratio of 2. The study highlights the potential of agroforestry as a viable strategy for improving rural livelihoods and promoting sustainable land-use practices.