An assessment of bottlenecks and realities of micro-irrigation: A review

Abstract

In the current review paper, explores both the technical and non-technical dimensions of micro irrigation systems, with a focus on drip irrigation, which is recognized for its potential in water and nutrient conservation. The primary objective of micro irrigation is to address water scarcity in the root zone and minimize evaporation losses, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity. Various institutions and agencies have actively promoted drip irrigation technology as a viable solution to combat water scarcity, particularly in regions where water resources are limited. Despite these initiatives, the adoption rate of drip irrigation among farmers remains disappointingly low, particularly in Villupuram district, where it stands at approximately 15-20%. This paper investigates the multifaceted barriers to the adoption and effective functioning of drip irrigation systems, including economic constraints, lack of technical knowledge, insufficient maintenance, and the inadequacy of supportive infrastructure. It highlights the critical role of educational outreach and the need for tailored support programs to empower farmers with the knowledge and resources necessary for successful implementation. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of integrating local agricultural practices with modern irrigation technologies to ensure sustainable water use. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide insights that could lead to enhanced adoption rates of drip irrigation systems, thus contributing to improved water management and agricultural sustainability in water-scarce regions.