Role of sericulture in rural development: Employment generation, economic growth, and sustainability

Abstract

Sericulture is an important agro-based industry that involves the cultivation of host plants (Such as mulberry, castor, and arjuna), rearing of silkworms, and the production of raw silk. It is a labor-intensive, rural-based industry that provides employment opportunities to millions, particularly in developing countries like India, China, Thailand, and Brazil. Sericulture is a labor-intensive sector that provides employment in both farm and non-farm activities, benefiting farmers, reelers, spinners, and weavers. It requires minimal land, low capital investment, and provides a steady income through multiple crop cycles per year. A significant proportion of workers in sericulture, especially in silkworm rearing and reeling, are women, contributing to gender equality and financial independence. Unlike synthetic fibers, silk production is environmentally sustainable, with minimal pollution and effective utilization of by-products like silkworm pupae for animal feed and mulberry leaves for composting. India and China are the top producers of silk, contributing over 90% of the world's silk output. India is the second largest producer of silk and the largest consumer of silk products. Major silk-producing states in India include Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Assam, and Jharkhand. Government initiatives like the Silk Samagra Scheme and support from organizations like the Central Silk Board (CSB) have strengthened the industry.