Blockchain technology: An innovative potential solution for addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the West African fisheries supply chain

Abstract

Fisheries globally are crucial renewable resources that provide food and livelihoods for over a billion people, making these populations vulnerable to changes in fish supply. In West Africa, fish supply has been declining due to Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) fishing, which accounts for around 40% of all fish caught in the region. The consequences of IUU fishing include damage to ecosystems, food insecurity, economic instability, and strained international relations. To combat IUU fishing, several technological tools, including Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) and unmanned vehicles, have been used in developed countries. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and tamper-proof nature, holds promise for ensuring traceability and preventing IUU-caught fish from entering supply chains. Blockchain can be implemented through RFID and QR code tagging systems to track fish from catch to market, helping to reduce black market activity and promoting consumer awareness. However, challenges such as data accuracy, limited technological access in rural areas, and poor coordination among stakeholders must be addressed. For blockchain to be successfully adopted, training, infrastructure development, and collaborative efforts among governments and stakeholders are essential. Blockchain technology could significantly enhance the sustainability of West African fisheries and help reverse the destructive cycle of IUU fishing.