Understanding early-onset cataracts: A rare case of hereditary influence without metabolic disorders

Abstract

Background: Early-onset cataract is a rare clinical presentation, particularly in the absence of systemic comorbidities. This case emphasizes the interaction between familial predisposition and environmental factors in a 57-year-old woman who has no history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or significant systemic illness. Case Presentation: A South Asian school teacher reported occasional blurriness and watery eyes because of protracted digital screen exposure. An early-stage bilateral cataract was identified during the clinical evaluation, with normal metabolic parameters. Family history was notable for cataracts in her father, who also had diabetes mellitus type 2. Grade 1 cataract was confirmed by a slit-lamp exam, and retinopathy was excluded by fundoscopy. Intervention and Outcome: To alleviate symptoms and avert progression, the patient was prescribed multivitamins, tinted spectacles, and hydrating eye drops. The patient was informed of the indications of progression and scheduled for routine follow-up appointments. There has been no evidence of metabolic abnormalities or symptoms progression to date. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the significance of early detection, tailored interventions, and patient education in the management of early-onset cataracts, particularly in individuals with a positive family history.