Supplementation of Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima seed powder as a feed additive on immune response of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of incorporating pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed powder (PSP) into the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings over 60 days. Pumpkin seeds, known for their high antioxidant and vitamin E content, are used as immuno-nutrients due to their nutritional profile and 24.12% protein content. However, they also contain antinutritional and potentially toxic components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and cyanogenic glycosides. PSP was included in fish diets at varying levels: T0 (0%), T1 (1.5%), T2 (3%), T3 (4.5%), and T4 (6%). Immune responses were evaluated, revealing that a diet containing 4.5% PSP (T3) significantly improved immunity. By the end of the 60-day trial, immune parameters such as erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, and respiratory burst activity were notably enhanced in the T3 group. Proximate composition analysis indicated higher protein and fat content in the T3 treatments. Therefore, a diet with 4.5% PSP enhanced fish immunity optimally.