Exploring the diversity of rice landraces in Godavari zone of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Rice is a staple food for over two billion people worldwide and a significant source of income for rural populations. Despite the advancements from the Green Revolution, rice yields have stagnated over the past three decades, with traditional rice varieties largely replaced by high-yielding varieties. However, TRVs offer unique advantages, including pest and disease resistance, adaptability and superior nutritional and aromatic qualities. This study identifies and documents landraces of rice in the Godavari zone of Andhra Pradesh, examines constraints faced by farmers in cultivating these varieties, and suggests strategies for conservation. Fifty farmers cultivating rice landraces were surveyed. The gain samples of twenty-eight TRVs were collected and analysed the kernel characteristics of each variety at quality lab of RARS, Maruteru. Based on the kernel characteristics TRVs were categorised into five categories. The results indicating that five varieties fall under long slender category, nine varieties in medium slender, three varieties in short slender and eleven varieties under short bold categories. The results highlighted the diversity and potential of TRVs while underscoring challenges such as lower yields, market constraints. Recommendations include community seed banks, biodiversity parks and consumer awareness campaigns to ensure the preservation and utilization of these genetic resources.