Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of wheat crop

Abstract

An experiment entitled “Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Shradhya Bhagwati Singh Agriculture Research Farm (Hajipur), Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, B.K.T., Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season 2023. The treatment consisted of the four nitrogen levels practices (0, 50, 100 and150 kg/ha) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) on silty loam soils having low organic carbon (0.45%) and medium in available nitrogen (376.6 kg/ha) phosphorus (26.59 kg/ha) and potassium (165.89 kg/ha).The value of yield attributes like number of effective tillers m-2, spike length (cm) number of grain/spike, grain weight/spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), grain, straw, biological (q/ha) and harvest index (%) of wheat increased with increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Crop fertilized with 150 kg N/ha has given highest grain yield (49.49 q/ha), straw yield (74.33 q/ha) and biological yield (123.88 q/ha) was recorded with the application of 150 kg N/ha. However, highest grain yield (45.50 q/ha), straw yield (68.49 q/ha) and biological yield (114.14 q/ha) was recorded with the application of 90 kg P/ha. On the basis of this study it may be concluded that the different level of nitrogen and phosphorus resulted higher growth, yield attributes, uptake of nutrients and yield of wheat through its favorable effects on nutrient supply. The magnitude of response to wheat yield was more in case of nitrogen compared to phosphorus.