Effects of a Neuropsychopedagogical motor intervention program on executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder: A double-blind controlled study

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with deficits in executive functions (EF) and reaction times, which are critical for learning and social interaction. Movement-based interventions have shown promise in improving these abilities in children with ASD. Objective: This double-blind, controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Neuropsychopedagogical Motor Intervention Program (NMIP) on executive functions and reaction times in children with ASD. Materials and methods: A total of 107 children with ASD, aged 7 to 8 years, were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 64) and control (n = 43) groups. The NMIP, consisting of 36 sessions, focused on enhancing motor coordination, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control through structured activities. EF was assessed using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) test, and reaction times were measured using the Reaction Time Ruler Test. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted in a blinded manner. Results: The experimental group showed a 61.34% improvement in HTKS scores compared to 16.69% in the control group (p