Incidence and treatment of European foulbrood and sacbrood disease of honey bees (Apis mellifera linn.) in kangra valley: A review

Abstract

Honey bees and honey comb bees are very valuable for wild flowering plants and economically important crop due to their role as pollinators. However, these insects confront many diseases threats (viruses, parasites, bacteria and fungi and large pesticide concentration in the environment. European foulbrood and Sac brood diseases is the most significant and wild spread diseases effect the wellbeing and survival of western honey bees (Apis mellifera) and estern honey bees (Apis Cerana). As social insects honey bees are particularly valuable to rapid transmission of this ectoparasite within and across colonies managed honey bees play a vital role in pollinating crops that rely on animal pollination, contributing to 35% of global food production. Their importance extends beyond agriculture, as they also pollinate diverse wild flowers, maintaining biodiversity. The sac brood disease has killed 95% of Apis cerana colonies in India, while sac brood, disease has affected only 15% of Apis mellifera colonies. The symptoms are sometimes confused with those of the bacterial disease European foulbrood in Apis cerana. European foulbrood is a bacterial diseases caused by Melissococcus plutonius. It affects honey bee (Apis mellifera).European foulbrood and sac brood disease is the most significant and wild spread diseases effect the wellbeing and survival of European honey bees. Honey bees are very valuable for wild flowering plants and economically important crops due to their role as pollinators. However, these insects confront many disease threats (viruses, parasites, bacteria and fungi and large pesticide concentrations in the environment. My aim is provide information about EFB and sac brood and its seasonal incidence. I hope it will work and will help in protecting the honey bees from EFB and sac brood.