Impact of silicon applications on growth and development of groundnut under sandy loam soil

Abstract

Sandy loam soils have low water-holding capacity, which can induce moisture stress in groundnut production. However, their well-drained and moderate water-holding capacity can also suit groundnut growth and development. However, due to sandy loam's low organic matter content and moderate nutrient availability, it is necessary to provide balanced fertilization and integrated nutrient management during groundnut cultivation. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3) significantly enhances groundnut tolerance to various stress conditions, including drought, heat, salinity, flood, and biological stresses. Under drought stress, potassium silicate improves water retention, reduces transpiration, and increases drought tolerance. It also mitigates heat stress by reducing oxidative damage and maintaining membrane stability, enhancing heat tolerance. The field trial, which used a randomised block design and ten treatments, was carried out at the Agricultural College and Research Institute in Vazhavachanur. Four concentrations of K2SiO3 (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) were applied to evaluate their impact on growth parameters and yield attributes. Results showed significant improvements in plant height, leaf area, pod yield, with increasing K2SiO3 concentrations. The optimal concentration of 0.8% K2SiO3 improves the leaf area index, crop growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency compared to the control. The optimal concentration of 0.8% K2SiO3 can be recommended for groundnut cultivation on sandy loam soils.