Diabetic gastroparesis: A review of its mechanism, pathogenesis, and therapeutic intervention

Abstract

A chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus called diabetic gastroparesis is characterised by delayed stomach emptying without the need for a mechanical obstruction. This condition, which is typically seen in individuals with long-term type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is caused by autonomic neuropathy, which harm the vagus nerve, which controls the stomach muscles. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety, and stomach discomfort can significantly impair quality of life and affect diabetes management by causing unstable blood glucose levels. The aetiology of diabetic gastroparesis is multifaceted and includes nerve damage, smooth muscle dysfunction, and abnormal stomach electrical activity. The cornerstones of care include glycemic control, dietary modifications, prokinetic medications, and, in severe cases, surgical procedures. Gastric emptying investigations are frequently utilised in diagnosis. Despite advances in knowledge and treatment, diabetic gastroparesis remains a challenging disease with few treatment options. This highlights the need for more research into its mechanisms and cutting-edge treatments. This overview highlights the important impact of diabetic gastroparesis on diabetes treatment by briefly examining its origins, diagnosis, and therapy strategies.