Enhancing soil fertility and microbial diversity through natural farming inputs: A review

Abstract

Natural farming practices have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional agriculture, addressing concerns about soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and environmental pollution. By integrating organic and natural inputs, these practices enhance soil fertility and microbial diversity while reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Natural inputs such as compost, biochar, green manures, and microbial inoculants promote nutrient recycling, improve soil structure, and foster a balanced ecosystem for soil microbes. This review explores the principles and methods of natural farming, focusing on their role in enhancing soil health and microbial diversity. The paper discusses the mechanisms through which natural inputs influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Comparative studies on the effectiveness of natural versus chemical inputs are presented, along with case studies illustrating successful implementations. Future prospects for natural farming, including its potential to mitigate climate change and enhance food security, are highlighted. By adopting natural farming practices, farmers can achieve sustainable productivity while preserving ecological balance.