Comprehensive analysis of large cardamom cultivation in Sikkim: Challenges, opportunities, and sustainable strategies

Abstract

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) holds a pivotal role in Sikkim's agricultural economy and rural livelihoods. Known for its aromatic and medicinal properties, it thrives in the unique agro-climatic conditions of the Himalayan region. Despite its prominence, the crop faces significant challenges, including declining productivity, climate change impacts, soil degradation, pest and disease outbreaks, and inefficiencies in post-harvest processes. This review provides a detailed examination of the crop's historical, ecological, and socio-economic significance. It also outlines targeted strategies for overcoming these challenges, emphasizing the importance of sustainable farming practices, enhanced market linkages, and policy interventions to ensure the resilience and profitability of this vital industry.