Women in Buddhism and Hinduism: A feminist perspective comparative perspectives on gender roles and spirituality

Abstract

This research explores the roles, status, and spiritual experiences of women in Buddhism and Hinduism through a feminist lens. It examines how sacred texts, rituals, and societal norms have historically shaped gender dynamics in these religions. In Hinduism, women are celebrated as powerful goddesses but are often constrained by patriarchal interpretations of scriptures like the Manusmriti. Similarly, while Buddhism recognizes womens potential for enlightenment, structural barriers, such as the Eight Garudhammas, reflect gender hierarchies within monastic traditions. The study also highlights modern feminist reinterpretations and movements advocating for gender equity on religious practices, including the revival of the Bhikkhuni Sangha and the inclusion of women in spiritual leadership roles. Through comparative analysis, the research underscores the tension between traditional doctrine and contemporary efforts to redefine womens place in these faiths.