Exploring the therapeutic applications of bee venom: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Apitherapy is a biotherapeutic medical procedure that uses honey bee venom to treat various illnesses. This therapy has been adopted as a folk remedy for the relief of rheumatic pains through a direct or indirect application because beekeepers are thought to rarely experience rheumatism or joint pain, the idea of using bee venom in medicine first emerged. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of bee venom as a treatment for various diseases and as a way to lessen drug toxicity. In addition to more than 40 pharmacologically active chemicals, such as phospholipase A2, histamine, adrenaline, free amino acids, and peptides like melittin and apamin, bee venom is an effective and complex mixture of substances. The primary components of bee venom are Melittin and Phospholipase A2. Bee venom and its components, according to numerous research and publications, have a variety of biological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-protozoan, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic qualities. In light of earlier updated papers, the revised molecular mechanisms of bee venom and its constituent parts are discussed. Finally, marketable bee venom products are demonstrated. This study focuses on research materials linked to the use of bee venom to treat chronic inflammatory pain disease.