Genetic variability studies in maize under managed drought and normal conditions

Abstract

This study evaluates genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for 15 maize traits across 17 genotypes under drought and normal conditions. The results show that the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was consistently lower than the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), reflecting significant environmental influence on most traits. High heritability estimates for the traits such as protein content, proline content and 100 kernel weight suggest strong genetic control, making them ideal candidates for selection in breeding programs. Genetic advance (GA) and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAPM) indicate that the traits like cob weight, yield per plant and cob height offer substantial potential for genetic improvement. These findings provide a robust framework for selecting traits to enhance maize yield and resilience under both optimal and stress conditions.